Tillage systems in Ukraine in Kyiv Rus epoch

During the IX ? XIII centuries on the territory of Kyiv Rus have occurred changes in the system of tillage. If at the time of the first Kiev’s princes was dominant slash and burn system where land plot was refining of plants and was fertilising by ashes. Two centuries late spread a new three-field system, which included crop rotation that made possible the restoration fertility of land. The transition to the new technology of soil was supplemented by using the plow (by the use of the plow). Note (one should take into account) that tillage provided a new agrotechnical effect which helped the water to rise from the lower to the upper layers of the soil and also promoted the aeration of the soil. The process of the mineralization of organic matter in soils and the formation of humus accelerated since the beginning of this process, it was important to increase their fertility. Blighty (Native) archaeologists noticed that with the introduction of plowing techniques Rus begin to grow new species of plants, namely the hulled crops were growing instead of bare-grained. These crops gave a lot of flour and this in return caused the growth of productivity of grain agriculture and its commodification in the XII ? XIII centuries. An important element of the agrotechnical system in ancient time was the rise (growth) of the fertility by making an organic fertilizer. According to the native scientist S.P. Romanchuk the three-field system of cultivation required maintenance at least four head of cattle (on black soil: one cow, three oxen, on gray forest soils ? one cow and two oxen, in the sod-podzolic ? three cows and two oxen), since one had to spend 5?6 tons of organic fertilizer on one hectare