The Biotechnology and Genetics Race: Biomaterials Versus Biological Materials in Orthopaedic Applications

Bone consists of mature osteoblast cells and stem cells. In joints like the knee, for example, the large femur bone and the lower tibial bone are separated by cartilage and a fibro-cartilage meniscus spacer, both of which are composed of chondrocyte cells and which act as a shock absorber.