Primary Hypogonadism In Ghanaian Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract-Emerging evidence links insulin resistance a key feature in type 2 diabetes with decreased leydig cell secretion of testosterone. Low gonadal steroids which include testosterone dihydrotestosterone and estradiol have also been implicated with metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia hypertension and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate hypogonadism and its risk factors in Ghanaian men with type 2 diabetes. Two hundred and ten volunteers were used for this study. Total testosterone Sex hormone binding globulin prolactin fasting blood glucose glycated hemoglobin total cholesterol triglyceride luteinizing hormone follicle stimulating hormone estradiol blood pressure and body mass index were assessed. A questionnaire to assess androgen deficiency was administered to each consenting participant. Total testosterone levels were lower in diabetic men compared with non-diabetic men 10.8 5.0 vs 15.6 3.9 p0.0001. There was no significant change in follicle stimulating hormone prolactin sex hormone binding globulin and estradiol between controls and type 2 diabetics. However luteinizing hormone was significantly higher in diabetics than non-diabetics 5.42.0 vs 4.51.5 p2688040.0003. Total testosterone levels were inversely related to BMI R23.94 p0.04 FBG R26.492 p0.0008 and TG R231.41 p0.025. The low testosterone observed in this study was a case of primary hypogonadism.