The mechanicism as a result of the development of the mechanics of the XVIIth century

The analysis of the characteristic features of the society historical development in the XVIIth century, scientific discoveries in mechanics has been done. It was due to the needs of production, the formation of capitalist social relations that these dis-coveries were made. The contribution of Rene Descartes and Isaac Newton in the formation of classical mechanics was investigated. It was shown that the establishing of scientific knowledge occurred in bitter struggle against scholasticism, the old approaches to seeing the world, breaking of Aristotle’s provisions, that had been sharply criticized by a new generation of scientists. It was proved that mechanicism (a new philosophical approach) didn’t appear by chance and it was a reflection of the turbulent, complex processes that took place in mechanics, the laws of which had been considered universal and applied to characterize not just natural sciences but social trends as well. Philosophical views of mechanicism founders, R. Descartes and I. Newton were analyzed. Peculiar approaches of these scholars to the scientific picture of the world, what they have in common and what is different in their approaches have been analyzed. Descartes and Newton’s methodology of understanding the world was highlighted as well (deductive and inductive methods of investigation respectively). It was established that it was impossible to step away from the mechanistic principle, because there were no other thoroughly developed scientific systems and laws. Such philosophical conclusions as avoiding definitions, that could be wrong; the desire to reduce the complicated to the most simple elements, the belief that the true accurancy of thinking exists in the mind I (ego cogito) were highlighted. Descartes’s vortex theory as the basis of the Universe creation, recognition and acception of only mechanical form of motion of matter were also highlighted. Peculiar features of philosophical approaches of Newton, who had built them on the strength of the law of gravity were shown in this article too