Eksploitasi Concubinage dan Subjek Subaltern: Hegemoni atas Perempuan Indonesia dalam Tinjauan Kritis Pascakolonial dan Feminisme Novel De Winst Karya Afifah Afra

This paper discusses the practice of Dutch colonization which resulted in a gender injustice bias toward the position of Indonesian women in the novel De Winst author by Afifah Afra. This is reflected from the practical sexual exploitation against women by making them as concubines (concubinage) or “wives” who are actually represented as a concubine because of no formal “diperistri” by white people and become the subject of subaltern or oppressed because of the practical power of the male hegemony white man of Dutch colonial. Through a variety of postcolonial theory and postcolonial feminist literary criticism, the analysis gained an understanding that women in the colonial period became the subject of both sexually marginalized and social. These women had no bargaining power in the realm of law to demand the recognition of the legitimate as a wife and a respectable position, not a victim of male domination of power over the body, either sexual or domestic labor for their household affairs (double burden ), including negative stereotypes that tend to lower their dignity as women.