Laboratorial and clinical impacts of tobacco on periodontal health: A systematic review

Use of tobacco has been documented a significant risk factor for the progression of periodontal conditions. The consumption of tobacco is related to intensified depth of periodontal pockets and ligament detachment, alveolar bone loss and susceptible to tooth loss. The main aggravating part in development of periodontal disease is contributed by nicotine that is pharmaceutically active component and a primary constituent of tobacco. It have been documented that negative impact on periodontal tissues is due to hindrance in connective tissue proliferation as a result of affected gingival blood circulation and neutrophil, cytokine production caused by nicotine. Thus, abeyance of tobacco is most important part of periodontal treatments as this renders positive influence on the patients' oral and systemic wellbeing. Tobacco cessation has been included as a part of periodontal therapy and encouraged by dental practitioners. Tobacco cessation counselling is required to educate patient and for the best interest of their oral health. The aim of this review is to report the clinical and laboratory findings on periodontal health. In additions risks involved in tobacco use and possible professional intervention has been discussed.