NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CASE STUDY: COMMUNE "Ishem"

Global warming and inappropriate utilization of the functioning of natural resources is endangering natural ecosystems. Human activity, such as agricultural activity, transport development, the development of tourism, the scale-up of the population and its uncontrolled dispersion, irrational utilization as well as interferences in the environment are some of the underlying causes that damage the ecosystems. In Albania it was the transition itself that showed its symptoms not only in the social-economical spheres of policy but it didn’t spare the systems of administration of natural resources either. The purpose of our research is to spot the current state of renewable natural resources (woods, pasture land, flora , faunas, touristic areas) and to give the guidelines for a stable development. The territory of Ishem Commune lies in the central lowland climate zone characterized by a climatic element that favours prolonged droughts in the warm half of the year. The climate factor and the inappropriate utilization of natural resources of the area supports erosion. Erosion that comes as a consequence of this aridity, lack of vegetation is leading to the land degradation by markedly making inroads into the ecosystems of the area. Biodiversity of Ishem Commune is eminently rich in kinds and qualities, but as a consequence of the aforementioned phenomena we witness some rigidity habitat. Despite these problems it must be stressed that in the last years the natural resources of Ishem Commune have had a regeneration, a development and considerable growth as far as volume and the land area are concerned and as a consequence in an evolution of biodiversity in general. The impact of ecosystems in the environment is marked because of their multifunctional role. Environmental impacts are expected to be positive especially thanks to the amelioration of forest ecosystem of oak the largest in national scale. These impacts will be spotted in the improvement of the area microclimate, the increase of the capacity of the reservoirs, the scale-down of erosion level, the reduction in a satisfactory level of arid and frosty days as well as many other effects over the area environment. All in all we might say that with the current ways of utilization, the methods of land protection, natural forest, and water ecosystems of the areas that are under study by having low investments until these resources reach a rational utilization and by protecting them from contamination will have not only stability, but a continuing growth of this environmental stability and the functioning of these ecosystems .