“THE WHOLE EMERGES AS A HERO”: TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF DIALECTICAL PRINCIPLES OF DOSTOEVSKY’S POETICS

The article seeks to elaborate a methodological approach to the creative work of Fyodor Dostoevsky, corresponding to dialectical nature of the writer’s artistic world perception. Dostoevsky’s formula “the whole emerges as a hero” is regarded as an architectonic model of his poetics. The author reveals the dialectical and mythological content of various aspects of this model, discovers the moments of community of Dostoevsky’s “realism in the best sense of the term” and Losev’s absolute dialectics. In the light of Losev’s teaching Dostoevsky’s formula is modified according to the dialectical model of a tragic myth. In the structure of the formula there are consistently explicated cosmological, anthropological, Christological, ecclesiological, and pneumatological aspects. These aspects trace back to a number of works of the writer (the novel “Poor People”, the tale “A Faint Heart”, the story “A Little Hero”, the novel “The Idiot”). There is demonstrated the dialectical unity of the intuitions of faith and knowledge in Dostoevsky’s artistic experience.