THE POETICS OF THE CHRONOTOPE IN WINTER NOTES ON SUMMER IMPRESSIONS BY DOSTOEVSKY

During the summer of 1862 Dostoyevsky made his first trip abroad across Europe. This journey was reflected in his feuilleton Winter Notes on Summer Impressions (1863), as well as in the memoirs and letters of the author and other people. In some cases one can describe the trip of Dostoyevsky not only day by day, but hour by hour. The literary chronotope is very different from the real journey. Dostoyevsky only designated the facts: he described his thoughts during travels, made occasional travel notes, recounted in detail about his Paris and London impressions, and concealed his visit to Herzen and his philosophical dispute with Strakhov. There are no tourist descriptions in Winter Notes. The narrative is developed in two dimensions of time and space: in summer and winter, in Europe and Russia, in London?Paris and St. Petersburg, in “European” and “Russian” Europe. The key problem posed in Winter Notes is the problem of “the Russian attitude” to Europe, which is interpreted as the problem of the choice of Russia’s historical path. Dostoyevsky created a satirical image of bourgeois Europe. The author suggested an alternative to the principles of 1789. His pathos is determined by Christian sermon. Dostoyevsky hoped that the outcome of the Russian way was in adherence to the Sermon on the Mount.