Design and Cost Analysis of Rural and Urban Toilet

Providing sanitation is India remains a huge challenge. This study explores the difficult that occur due to sanitation in rural and urban India through the approach of conducting a field survey in the areas. The survey results are analyses and solution of the problem is provided. The solution involves providing an ecological sanitation (ECOSAN) TOILET. AutoCAD drawing of the designed toilet are provided for better understanding. The response of public on the design toilet suggested was studied with help of another survey to know the preference of the people. Along with design the cost of conventional toilet posed a great challenge for successful sanitation in rural areas. This study aims to reduce the cost of toilet construction by removing pit system as well as changing the superstructure material. The cost comparison of various toilet and those with different superstructure material is presented. The initial cost of EcoSan toilets, which is about Rs. 10520, is slightly higher than ordinary pit latrines or offset double pit latrines, EcoSan toilets provide benefits in terms of fertilizer. A financial analysis of cost and benefits of EcoSan toilets indicates that the pay-back period for an EcoSan toilet is 6 years, Benefit To Cost Ratio of 1.17( At I=10%) and the Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR) is 14.527 percent. However social acceptability of our designed toilet remains uncertain. In a Comparison matrix, which includes four different latrine designs, the designed ECOSAN receive the highest scores (21 out of 27) for a given set of design and evaluation criteria. Potential areas for cost reductions and design improvements are identified.