Evaluating the Effects of the Components of Metabolic Syndrome on Chronic Kidney Disease: Data Analysis of Adult Physical Examinations

Background: Taiwan has the highest incidence and prevalence of End- Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) worldwide. By contrast, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition that occurs earlier than ESRD and has a higher prevalence rate. CKD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increase the cardiovascular disease mortality rate, thereby increasing health care expenditures and burdens and resulting in considerable mental and financial hardships for individuals, families, and society; therefore, efforts to prevent CKD have been made worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to identify the components of MetS that are associated with CKD in Southern Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, in which 19 142 adults from Pingtung County participated in a health examination during 2006-2011. The basic information questionnaires and physical and blood examination results of all participants were obtained. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of < 60mL/min/1.73m2. The chi-squared test and logistic regression were applied. Results: The prevalence of CKD (eGFR < 60) was 12.8%. Sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing reached statistical significance for CKD prevalence. Patients with abnormal components of MetS, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, exhibited a higher prevalence of CKD. Conclusion: The aforementioned components of MetS are critical factors influencing CKD prevalence. Therefore, effective control of the increases in body mass index, blood pressure, and triglyceride and glucose levels are beneficial in decreasing the incidence of CKD.