COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF COOPERATION AND MISBEHAVIOR ISSUES IN AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORKS

Ad hoc wireless network is evolving as one of the major networking areas as its concepts benefits Sensor Networks, Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Pervasive and Wearable Computing, Wireless Mesh Networks, to name some. Ad hoc wireless network beholds the unique proprietorship as network is decentralize, dynamic, mobile and self organized constituted by interconnection of heterogeneous and autonomous systems (nodes) with wireless contemporaneous links; hence accepted widely. Nodes can be any processing device with enough memory and wireless links such as laptops. Nodes can communicate directly or via intermediate nodes if source and destination nodes are distant apart. Empowerment of ad hoc wireless networks comes with carryover such as security issues, fairness and resource limitation kindles maliciousness, selfishness and misbehavior among nodes; as a result cooperation cannot be taken for granted. In other words node starts misbehaving in such scenarios. Cooperation in ad hoc wireless networks refers to willingly participate in forwarding data without considering personal benefits. Non cooperation springs less or no routing paths, indigent utilization of bandwidth also boosts probability of packet drop and probability of route or network failure, traces to degraded performance of network. Aftermath is, cooperation becomes an issue and cooperation enforcement becomes prerequisite. Literature subsumes diversified cooperation enforcement schemes. We in this paper reintroduce and investigate some such schemes and approaches; also propose a new approach. We propose classification of schemes in hierarchical-chronological mannerism. We compare cooperation enforcement schemes on inter class and intra class basis. We discuss pros and corns of these schemes. We also analyze and assimilate them on the basis of various network parameters. Finally conclude with open issues in area of cooperation and cooperation enforcement schemes