Basic Relations between Ejection Fraction and ESPVR

Heart Failure with normal or Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is a subject that has received particular attention in the medical literature. In this study we show how the Ejection Fraction (EF) can be expressed as function of parameters describing the End-Systolic Pressure-Volume Relation (ESPVR), and the areas under the ESPVR, with new insight in some aspects of ventricular contraction. It is shown also that the Ejection Fraction (EF) is just one index of several indexes that can be derived from the parameters describing the ESPVR in order to assess the performance of the ventricles. Bivariate (or multivariate) analysis of indexes gives better segregation between cardiac cardiomyopathies. The ordinates of the ESPVR (units of pressure), and the areas under the ESPVR (units of energy) are sensitive parameters that reflect the state of the myocardium. Possible application of these results to the study of HFpEF is explained.