COMPARISON OF SYNHARMONIC AND NONSYNHARMONIC SOUNDS INTERCHANGES IN THE KAZAKH, UZBEK AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES (PHONEMES AND THEIR POSITION VERSIONS)

In article the sound aspect of the Kazakh, Uzbek and Russian languages is investigated. Significant phonologic units as classes (complex) of sounds and sinharmonic sound, character of their combinations, features of phonologic processes are compared. Position-dependent and position-independent sound interchanges of the Kazakh, Uzbek and Russian languages are defined as synharmonic and nonsynharmonic. Unlike traditional comparison existence of a synharmonic qualitative reduction of vocal sounds of the Uzbek language which is compared with a synharmonic qualitative reduction of vocals of the Kazakh language and with a nonsynharmonic qualitative reduction of vowels of Russian, is proved. The detailed phono-morphological analysis of the Uzbek vocalism and consonantism from the point of view of vocalic harmony is carried out, vowel harmony types in the Uzbek language in comparison to the Kazakh language are established. Position sound interchanges in languages of different types have different qualitative and quantitative characteristics, it is explained by that the structure of phonemes and their position versions, laws of compatibility of sounds, prosodic dominants in them are not identical. In Indo-European languages (in Russian, etc.), where a prosodic dominant is the word accent, sound interchange (especially vowels) has specifics, which are in many respects dependent on a different position and mobility of word accent. In Turkic languages, where prosodic dominant is the vocalic harmony, the sound interchange depends on word vocalic harmony type. Degree of remoteness of an unaccented syllable from shock syllable for sound interchange has no such essential value, as in Russian. In the Kazakh language the choice of position of vocalic harmony phoneme depends on word vowel harmony type. In the Uzbek language assimilative alternations are synharmonic, and joining of affixes to words radical is nonsynharmonic.