Association between ABO and RhD blood group and gestational hypertensive disorders - A retrospective study

Background: Hypertension is the most common problem facing by pregnant women. Nowadays in developing countries one of the major causes for maternal and fetal mortality is gestational hypertension disorders. Even though most of the existing studies were concluded that ABO blood groups of mother have an association with PIH but its etiology is still uncertain. The objective of the present study is to assess the association of ABO and RhD blood groups and gestational hypertensive disorders. Material and methods: The study was a case control study undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chennai from July 2015 to April 2015. All the pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertensive disorders in the study setting were the cases. Antenatal women without gestational hypertension were the control group. Results: A total of 183 participants were included in the final analysis. 83 were pregnant women with gestational hypertension and 100 normal controls. Among 83 PIH cases majority were having pre-eclampsia (38.25%). 9 cases have severe eclampsia (4.91%), only 1 case (0.005%) with eclampsia and 3 cases were with chronic hypertension (0.016%). There was no statistically significant association of PIH and maternal age, gravida, para. Non O-blood groups have high risk of PIH than O-blood group (P=0.639) and RhD positive pregnant women have high risk of PE than the RhD negative mothers (P=0.153). Conclusion: Among ABO blood groups non O- blood groups have high risk of gestational hypertensive disorders than O blood group. RhD positive pregnant have significantly higher risk PIH than RhD negative mothers. Other factors like maternal age, gravida, para are not significant association with gestational hypertension disorders.