The New Modelling Method in Urban Development: Case Study in Rotterdam

Land-use transition, energy consumption, and temperature fluctuation are the three dominant topics that have been investigated in this research. In the last century, 38 heat waves occurred in Europe, eleven of which were after 1900 and six after 2000 (IPCC, 2008). Local-climate changes due to urbanization are generalized by the urban heat island (UHI), which mainly focuses on the interaction of land use and temperature. However, energy is also an important issue when investigating the sustainable urban development. This research detects correlations between land-use transition, energy consumption, and temperature fluctuation in the Rotterdam area from 1996 till 2014. A series of maps illustrate the relationship of temperature fluctuation and energy consumption. These two variables are linked via land-use maps. From the data set, the spatial parameters, that have a significant effect on the correlation between temperature fluctuation and energy consumption, are estimated. Finally, an equation to describe the dependency of energy consumption to the land use has been built in this paper for the L-E spatial interaction model.