Functions and clinical applications of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)

Clinically important polypeptides, in particular bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) family, are being increasingly studied due to their contribution in embryonic development and physiological functions in human body throughout life. Appropriate concentration of these small molecules namely BMP-2 and -7 are able to induce bone formation on scaffold and ectopic site. BMP carrier is a factor for maintaining local concentration. Preclinical tests and applications in clinical situations such as open fracture of long bones, non-unions and vertebral arthrodesis, lumbar fusion or in various maxillofacial and dental regenerative procedures have already been successful and practically accepted. But not all BMPs are well effective, and only two FDA-approved applications are available now. However, more clinical use of these molecules is under investigation. Researchers are now focusing strongly to improve the methods of production of these multifunctional cytokines in terms of quality and quantity. This review describes a brief informative understanding of BMPs functions, clinical importance, and introduces to the recombinant approach of BMP production