NANOMATERIALS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF DIABETES MELLITUS

The problem of development of modern biotechnologies for the purposeful use of biocompatible low toxic objects of the nanometer size in the treatment of the most widespread diseases, including diabetes, is analyzed in this review. It is likely that by means of nanotechnologies the problems of early diagnostics of this disease and new effective methods of its selective therapy will be developed. The modern literature data on the latest biotechnological ways in therapy of diabetes are generalized, in particular the effect in vivo and in vitro of the biocompatible complexes on the basis of carriers of the different nature (glycopolymer, lipid etc.) and multilayered structures with nanoparticles as potential transporters of insulin, and use of biosensors and magnetic probes on the basis of nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes and oxide of iron) for detecting of glucose and visualization of beta-cells of Langergans islands, which produce insulin, are considered under in vivo and in vitro conditions.