MODERN TECHNIQUES OF IMMUNOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS: INTEGRATION OF SENSITIVITY AND RAPIDITY

The review covers history and development prospects of immunochemical analysis. Advantages and prospects of antibodies as detecting agent, modern requirements to immune-analytical methods and preconditions for two clusters formation (homogeneous relatively insensitive rapid assays and heterogeneous high sensitive and long duration assays), as well as the ways of improvement of analytical characteristics of these immunoassays are considered in detail. Forecast regarding most promising directions of immunochemical analysis, in particular, multiparametric analytical systems is made. Possibilities to develop universal immune-analytical systems, comprising high sensitivity of heterogeneous assays and detection rapidness of homogeneous assays (for example, immunoassays using polyelectrolytes or magnetic colloidal particles) are considered.