Approaches to the reconstruction of dynamic of the territory occupation according to the soil signs
Journal: Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) (Vol.1, No. 11)Publication Date: 2015-03-28
Authors : Ponomarenko E.V. Ottawa; Canada; Ponomarenko D.S. Moscow; Russian Federation; Stashenkov D.A.; Kochkina A.F. Samara; Russian Federation;
Page : 126-160
Keywords : Samarskaya Luka; Zhiguli settlement; geoarchaeology; stratigraphy; chronology; dynamics of ecosystems; soil composition; anthropogenic successions; periods of settlement.;
Abstract
The dynamics of human settling Samarskaya Luka (Volga bend) area adjacent to the Zhiguli archaeological site and burial ground has been studied by analyzing both the cultural layer of the monument and the soil strata in the adjacent ravine. Seven erosion and accumulation cycles have been distinguished in the ravine development during the Holocene, correlated with periods of the water catchment area development. Each cycle used to start with forest fires, leading to an increase in runoff and ravine cutting-in, and to complete with surface stabilization as grassland or forest was reestablished. The length of periods between changes of land use varied from a few decades in the agricultural cycles of the early Middle Ages, up to several hundred years in the nomadic-pastoral cycles of the Eneolithic ? the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the late Middle Ages. Vegetation changed within each cycle, as human utilization of the watershed resulted in elimination of the understory, reduction of tree species variety, an increase in the proportion of conifers, and, due to combination of fire and grazing, led to deforestation. A lengthy deforestation period occurred in the mid-Holocene (Eneolithic ? early Bronze Age). A new period of progressive deforestation and open space growth started in the middle of the 1st millennium AD. Discontinuities in human occupation lasting a few hundred years observed in the mid-Holocene. Shorter breaks (less than a century) took place between the Scythian-Gorodets period and the Imenkovo-Khazar period, later between the Khazar period and the Bulgarian period, and in that preceding Russian colonization of the Samara Luka area in the 16th century.
Other Latest Articles
- Management Features of Investment Activity of Agricultural Enterprises
- Ceramics from bi-ritual burials grounds on the Lower Danube and issues of its chronology
- Problems of Implementation and Functioning of the Internal Audit at the Aviation Enterprises in Ukraine
- Service Maintenance as the Condition for the Competitiveness of Enterprises of Agricultural Machine Building
- LANGUAGE AS A MARKER OF SOCIAL STATUS IN SHAW’S PYGMALION
Last modified: 2016-12-07 18:42:47