Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Review of Contemporary Management

Primary thyroid lymphoma is an uncommon malignancy that constitutes fewer than 2% of all extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and only 0.6% to 5% of all thyroid malignancies. Histologic subtypes include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, follicular lymphomas, and rarely Hodgkin lymphomas. The rarity of this disease precludes optimizing diagnostic and management modalities. This review provides an evaluation of the presentation of thyroid lymphoma and the current diagnosis, evaluation, and management of thyroid lymphoma.