Epidemiology of Physical Function Impairment in Global Chinese Aging Population: A Systematic Review

Background: Physical function is a cornerstone of geriatric medicine. Impairment in physical function may threaten one's ability to live independently and is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. Although Chinese people is one of the fastest growing populations in the world, there is a limited understanding of the epidemiology of physical function impairment in the global Chinese aging population. Methods: Researchers used the PRISMA statement and performed a comprehensive online search to highlight the global epidemiology of physical function impairment of Chinese older adults in terms of prevalence, incidence, risk and protective factors, and health consequences. Search items include Chinese, older adult, Asian elderly, aging, physical function, physical function impairment, disability, function impairment, functional dependence, functional limitation, mobility, ADL, IADL, Nagi, and Rosow-Breslau. Results: Eighty-two papers met inclusion criteria. Prevalence of ADL impairment ranges from 3.0% to 11.6%, while prevalence of IADL impairment ranges from 7.9% to 50.2%. Common risk factors include older age, female gender, lower education, lower income, rural residences, unmarried status, chronic diseases, depression/depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and falls. Health outcomes include suicidal ideation/attempted suicide, depression/depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, falls, and mortality. Conclusion: The prevalence of physical function impairment among Chinese aging population varies across regions and the number of physical function impairments increases over time. Physical function is influenced by multiple aspects, including socio-demographic characteristics, health conditions, and health behaviors, and can lead to adverse health outcomes. Future longitudinal research is necessary to explore the regional differences, effectiveness of existing intervention programs, as well as the cultural contexts of physical function impairment. Concerted support from caregivers, healthcare and social service providers, and policy makers is necessary to improve physical function and promote healthy aging among Chinese older adults.