IN-VITRO EVALUATION BY DISC-DIFFUSION AND PITS METHODS OF ANTIMICROBICIDAL EFFICACY OF DISINFECTANTS USED IN FOUR BROILER CHICKEN HATCHERIES IN BABIL CITYIRAQ

A controlled experimental study was carried out during the period from (March to June2013), in (4) separate commercial broiler chicken hatcheries. A total of (132) sample, (33) for each one, (22) sample revealed no growth, were randomly collected by surface swabbing, before and after disinfected conditions of different parts within these hatcheries as: Hatcher, incubator, and rooms of (worker's, egg-sorting and chick-processing), by gets (3) samples from each site. A total of (110) isolates, (100= 74G+ve & 26G-ve) for bacteria and (10) fungi, (15) species, (9= 5G+ve & 4G-ve) for bacteria and 6 fungi, were identified in this study from these hatcheries, by microscopic examination of gram's stained smears to show growth characteristics, then biochemical reactions (Culture on differential media, enzymatic reactions, antibiotic sensitivity and IMVC tests). Hatchery sanitation evaluated using (12) different disinfectants dilutions most commonly used in hatcheries, against these randomly selected species, which applied in two (Disc-diffusion and Pit) newly attempted methods in BabilIraq. The results include: total percentage of microbism prevalent in hatchery environment were (83.3%) of which, bacterial isolates gives the higher percentage (91%) than fungi (9.1%), the majority of bacterial isolates are gram positive (67.3%), than gram negative (23.6%). According to bacterial species, S.aureus gives the higher rate (32.7%), followed by B.subtilis (14.5%), while the lower K.pneumoniae (1.8%). According to hatcheries, Asaa'd gives the higher rate (42%), followed by Babil (28.2%), while the lower Chiflawi (11.8%). Totally, according to hatchery sites egg-sorting room gives the higher rate (24.5%), followed by chick-processing room (21,8%), while the lowest rate in Hatcher (15.5%), and in hatchery sites According to hatchery conditions (before and after disinfected), after using disinfectants a significant drop in bacterial and fungal contamination rates observed. According to disinfection, before disinfected gives the higher rate (70.9%), than after disinfected (29.1%). According hatcheries conditions, before disinfected gives higher rate in Asaa'd (30%), followed by Babil (20%), while the lowest in Chiflawi (8.2%), while after disinfected gives higher rate (11.8%) in Asaa'd, followed by Babil (8.2%), while the lowest is shown in Chiflawi too (3.6%). The percentages of microbial isolates susceptibility to disinfectants used in hatcheries using a Disc-diffusion method, total sensitivity rate (92.2%), were higher (85.3%) for bacterial isolates, than (33.9%) fungi. According to disinfectants used, bacterial isolates gives the lowest rate for Al-cohol (53.3%), Sarttol (66.7%), and Hypochlorite (86.7%), while the (100%) for all the others, while in Pits method, total sensitivity rate (87.7%), were higher (55%) for bacterial isolates, than (32.8%) fungi. According to disinfectants used, bacterial isolates gives higher rate (100%) for each: Formaldehyde, H2O2, combined Remas + TH4+, Remas and Intercept, while the lowest in Hypochlorite (53.3%). It was concluded that total percentage of microbism prevalent in hatchery environments were higher, bacterial isolates higher than fungi, the majority of bacterial isolates are G+ve than G-ve. According to bacterial species, S.aureus, B.subtilis most prevalent. According to hatcheries higher rates in Asaa'd, than others. (9) species of bacterial isolates were identified, while (6) unidentified species for fungi. According to hatchery sites egg-sorting room higher than others. According to disinfection before higher than after disinfected. According disinfection conditions in hatcheries, before and after disinfected higher in Asaa'd than others. Also study has shown variations in the degree of commercial disinfectants efficacy in hatcheries, all these disinfectants were relatively active with broad spectrum of action, some isolates especially fungi show resistance to disinfectants efficacy when apply these methods.