FREQUENCY, ETIOLOGY, OUTCOME OF HYPONATREMIA AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, etiology, outcome of hyponatremia at tertiary care hospital PATIENTS AND METHODS: The one year cross sectional survey was conducted from 01 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 at tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. The inclusion criteria of the study were hospitalized patients due to any illness for ≥ 07 days, of ≥12 years of age either gender were be recruited. The serum sodium levels was checked at admission, every day during and then as and when indicated and the serum sodium value <130 mmol/l was labeled as low or hyponatremia while the value <125 mmol /l was labeled as severe hyponatremia. The frequency and percentages (%) was computed while the mean ± SD for also calculated for numerical variables. RESULTS: Total 87 hyponatremic individuals were rationalized during one year study period. The mean ±SD for age and serum sodium level for whole population was 58.97±8.64 and 127.31±3.52 respectively. The treatment was initialized. The symptomatic patients were managed by IV hypertonic saline with rate and dose calculation followed by oral salt supplementation. Ten patients (19%) hyponatremic subjects expired during hospitalization whereas no any case of central pontine myelinolysis was detected in our study population. The hyponatremia was identified in 52 (59.7%) with male gender predominance 32 (61.5%). The common etiological factors detected were GI fluid loss 12 (13.8%), CVA 10 (11.5%), lungs abscess 11 (12.6%) and renal failure 10 (11.5%) respectively. The mild, moderate and severe hyponatremia was detected in 17 (32.7%), 24 (46.2%) and 11 (21.2%). CONCLUSION: Hyponatremia is fairly common in patients admitted in emergency wards Keywords: Hyponatremia, Sodium, Electrolytes