Circular Causality of R&D and Export in EU countries

The main objective of the study is to explore the relationship between Research and Development (R&D) investments and export behaviour in EU countries in the aspect of competitiveness. To this end, the micro-aggregated Community Innovation Survey 3 (CIS3) is used. Both the volume and the decision of R&D investment and export are found to be mutually dependent. Particularly, in manufacturing industry, the effect of export on R&D is underestimated and the one of R&D on export is overestimated. In the knowledge intensive sectors, circular causality link is broken between the R&D and export.