Use of plants test systems for assess the toxicity of soil in Kamyanets-Podilsky

The evaluation of the toxicity of soil of Kamyanets-Podilsky. To study the soil chosen six points on streets with different amounts of traffic: point 1 – Shevchenko Street (control area) (residential street local), point 2 – Prospect Grushevskogo (main streets citywide significance), point 3 – Pryvokzalna Street (main street freight traffic), point 4 – intersection of Chekhov and Khmelnytsky Schose streets (main streets citywide significance), point 5 – intersection of Knyaziv Koriatovich Street and railways (trunk road of regional importance), point 6 – intersection of railways and Khmelnitsky Schose Street (highways citywide significance). Biotoxicity soil analysis conducted by the method of "growth-test" (Gorova et al., 2007, 2014). As the test objects chosen Allium cepa L., Lepidium sativum L. and Raphanus sativus L. Phytotoxic effect was determined as a percentage of the length of roots and stems. Found that the smallest number of cars (60 units per hour) and the number of polluting emissions (32 tonnes / year) was on the Shevchenko Street and the highest – at the intersection of railways and Khmelnitsky Schose Street – 822 transport units per hour and 387.365 tons / year of emissions respectively. It is shown that the greatest morphometric parameters, test system characterized grown in soil from the Shevchenko Street, and the least – in point 5 and 6, indicating inhibition of their growth processes. On the basis of the measurements was calculated phytotoxic effect. For the length of the stem, the largest phytotoxic effect was noted in A. cepa in point 5 (30%) and somewhat lower (26%) – in point 6, which corresponds to the average level of toxicity of the soil. Middle toxicity of this indicator was ground in point 6 and L. sativum (EF = 21%). For the length of the root system was the most toxic soil for A. cepa, collected from intersection of Knyaziv Koriatovich Street and railways (point 5). It was concluded that the soil located along the city roads of Kamyanets-Podilsky belong to medium polluted, and the most susceptible to contamination of soil studied test objects are A. cepa.