Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MScs) enhanced with Platelet Rich Plasma PRP in Osteoarthritis (OA) Treatment

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint diseases. This disease commonly develops in the weight bearing joints of the lower limbs, such as the knee and hip joints. Osteoarthritis is considered a chronic degenerative disorder that is characterized by a loss of articular cartilage and it causes detrimental effects on the quality of life and functional status. There is no effective therapy available today that alters the pathobiologic course of the disease. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, is often used for bone regeneration, wound healing and bone defect repair. Platelets contain significant amounts of cytokines and growth factors which are capable of stimulating cellular growth, vascularization, proliferation, tissue regeneration, and collagen synthesis. When stem cells are combined with PRP in the presence of GFs, they are able to promote osteogenesis. A growing interest in the area of regenerative medicine, led by an improved understanding of the role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in tissue homeostasis and repair, has also been recent focused efforts to explore the potential of stem cell therapies in the active management of symptomatic osteoarthritis. Encouragingly, results of pre-clinical and clinical trials have provided initial evidence of efficacy and indicated safety in the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Moreover influences of PRP on proliferation, migration, stemness, preservation of MSC immune-modulatory properties and appearance of senescence phenotype have been explored. This review provides deeply knowledge regarding the use of MSCs and PRP for the treatment of osteoarthritis and their application in clinical studies for the future.