OSTEOPOROSIS AND EXERCISE IN WOMEN -REVIEW ARTICLE

Introduction: The most common metabolic bone disease in the world is osteoporosis, the most prominent feature of which is the reduction of minerals and bone marrow matrix. This disease is one of the major health problems in the world. Methodology: In this review article, the databases Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched to identify the studies investigating Osteoporosis and exercise in women resuscitation. In this review, the papers published until early January 2017 that were conducted to study the Osteoporosis and exercise in women were selected. Findings: A combination of weight bearing and strengthening activities can increase bone density; however, these exercises must be both intense and permanent and, then, they will be extremely useful in preventing osteoporosis in both young people and the elderly. It must be noted that these exercises are impractical for most women at menopausal age who have degrees of osteoporosis. These patients are more likely to tolerate a gradual, progressive exercise program, including aerobic exercises and light exercises. Conclusion and discussion: Pressure on the bone can change its curvature, increase the tone of the bone surface, and ultimately stimulate the activity of the osteoblasts. Maintain a normal amount of physical activity is enough for preserving bone density prior to menopausal period; however, the threshold of the minimum effect on the bone increases after menopause and, under such conditions, even if a person has the same physical activity as before, a false message is sent to the bones about physical inactivity. Thus, increasing the intensity of exercise is an important factor in order to achieve the goal of maintaining bone mass density in postmenopausal women. Key words: Osteoporosis, exercise, women