INVESTIGATING THE BARRIERS TO WOMEN'S PROMOTION TO MANAGERIAL POSITIONS IN IRANIAN UNIVERSITIES AND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A REVIEW

Introduction: despite the same level of knowledge and expertise of male and female employees, it seems thattheir opportunities for reaching management positions are not the same. Therefore, this research deals with the barriers to women's promotionto managerial positionsat universities and higher education institutions of Iran. Materials and Methods:This study has been done as a simple overview in 2017.Research datahas been gatheredthrough searching articlespublishedon Iranian credible websites in and out of the country[SID, MAGIRAN, Elmnet.ir, Pub Med, Scupus, Researchgate and Web of Science] including language and history restrictions. 53 related studieswere foundin the initial search which 17 research papersthat were completely relatedwere used in this study. Results: According to the results of the researches, the barriers to women's promotion to managerial positionscan be classified in 7 components: dominant ofpatriarchal culture in the society and universities, problems caused by dual roles of women [conflict between family and work],the society's attitudes and misconceptions, lack of self-esteem and self-confidence among women,lack of equal educational opportunities,women's employment and legal issues and lack of suitable career in universities. Discussion and Conclusion: Studying the problems of employed women and their pathologyand providing appropriate solutions for solving or reducing their problems can be not only an important step in their human rightsprovisionbut also an increasein their job satisfaction that can lead to the effectiveness of Universities. Keywords: Women, Management Barriers, Universities of Iran