PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective: To determine the frequency of peripheral vascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: The present study was undertaken at tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. Total fifty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied which were admitted to medical wards and all these cases fulfilled our inclusion. while the data was collected on pre-designed proforma and analyzed in SPSS 16. The inclusion criteria of the study were diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus of ≥35 years of age, either gender and ≥ 3 years duration of diabetes mellitus. The ankle brachial index (ABI) were measured for clinical evaluation of peripheral vascular disease and calculated by using non invasive colour Doppler study to measure ankle & brachial systolic blood pressure and ABI less than 0.9 was taken as a marker of peripheral vascular disease in present study. The frequency and percentages was calculated while the numerical statistics were used to compute mean ±SD. Results: Total fifty patients with type diabetes mellitus were recruited and enrolled during six months study period, majority of the patients were males 32 (64%) and from rural population 35 (75%). The mean ±SD for age and duration of disease for whole population was 54.83+7.82 and 7.93±3.52. The peripheral vascular disease was identified in 36 (72%) patients as had low ABI while the other risk factors observed were hypertension (69.4%), dyslipidemia (61.1%), smoking (66.6%), previous history of CVA (75%), history of ischemic heart disease (69.9%) and sedentary life style (55.5%) respectively. Conclusion: the ABI is reliable, cheap and non invasive procedure to detect PVD in Type–2 DM and can be used as initial screening test for early detection of peripheral vascular diseases. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, ankle brachial index, Hemoglobin A1c, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia and Smoking.