CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ITS MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide and its prevalence is increasing day by day. CKD defines as kidney damage or a decreased glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months irrespective of cause. It has deeper effects on morbidity, mortality, health care costs, as well as on patient quality of life and on important social implications. CKD patients have several other co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and anemia , and due to these co morbidities, patients are on multiple medications, and are higher risk of developing drug-related problems. Hypertension is a major promoter of the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a strong independent risk factor along with Diabetes mellitus for CKD. Treatment of high blood pressure is recommended for all individuals with, or at risk of, chronic kidney disease. Glycemic control can help to prevent the onset of early stages of chronic kidney disease in individuals with diabetes. Better management of CKD can slow the progression of CKD, prevent complications, and reduce cardiovascular-related outcomes and improve patient's quality of life. Key words: chronic kidney disease, Glomerular filtration rate, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Drug related problem, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, end stage renal disease, National Kidney Foundation, quality of life