PROSPECTIVE AND OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients develop chronic complications, which are the leading causes of premature mortality among them. The contribution of poor glycemic control and other risk factors must be identified so that preventive strategies can be considered. This observational study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and identify the various risk factors for these complications. Methodology: A Prospective observational non-invasive study carried out with established type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in the Department of General Medicine in Osmania General Hospital, for a period of 6 months. In patients and Out patients of either gender with more than 30 years of age were included. Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, any other severe illness and pregnant diabetics were excluded. The selected patients were observed for presence of Microvascular and Macrovascular complications by making enquiries and collecting data in a data collection form designed for the recording all the relevant parameters and diagnosis. Morisky Medication Adherence scale MMAS-4 was used for assessing medication adherence. Results and Observations: During the study period a total of 200 Diabetic Patients were enrolled. Amongst the total participants, 135 subjects were with Diabetes Mellitus complications Out of which 115 were males and 20 were females and remaining 65 subjects with Diabetes Mellitus are without complications. The Cerebrovascular disease (32.8%) has highest prevalence followed by Coronary Artery Disease (28%) Diabetic Nephropathy (14.8%), Diabetic Foot (13.3%), Diabetic Neuropathy (7.4%) and Diabetic Retinopathy (4%) which are associated with various risk factors. Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of Macrovascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. It is found that cerebrovascular disease and Coronary artery disease were the most prevalent of all the complications of diabetes in the study population. Low medication adherence, Body Mass Index (BMI), Family History of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, History of Hypertension are the significant risk factors in our study. The progression of most complications can be halted or delayed if detected early and appropriate therapy is instituted. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus Complications, Macrovascular, Micro vascular and Risk Factors.