CONNECTION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND PATHOLOGY WITH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Nowadays the problem of periodontal disease among children and adolescents remains relevant due to high prevalence and varies between 55-96%. Often cases of periodontal disease are found in adolescents with general illnesses, in particular, those with gastrointestinal tract infections. According to epidemiological data, diseases of GI tract in the adolescence occupy the second place among all the diseases. Among the diseases of the gastroduodenal zone in this age the first is chronic gastroduodenitis (60-70%). The main role in periodontal diseases belong to changes in microbiocenosis of the oral cavity and reduction of local protective mechanisms. This causes an increase in virulent properties of the conditionally pathogenic microflora of dental deposits. Similar changes in the relationship of microflora with the host's organism is one of the main factors of progression and exacerbation of pathological processes in the periodontal disease. High level of this disease among the children is due to a decrease in the level of health, an increase in the number of chronic diseases, a decrease in physical development. Bad ecological situation, chronical stress, hypodynamia, deterioration of nutrition also lead to increase of diseases of periodontal tissues. Numerous studies indicate a close relationship between the high level of dental morbidity, including periodontal tissue diseases, with chronic lesions of the digestive system, due to the close anatomical and functional relationship. According to numerous studies, changes in the gastrointestinal tract are the starting points for the emergency of dental diseases, while changes in the tissues of the oral cavity can also lead to organic changes in the gastrointestinal tract, that can aggravate the course of the somatic disease. In general, it should be noted that conditions for inflammation in the periodontal disease are created in the gastrointestinal tract, as there is a violation of regulatory mechanisms: nervous trophic disturbances, autoimmune bias, increased inflammatory mediators in the blood, decreased histamine activity, increased activity of hyaluronidase, etc. All these factors weaken the factors of resistance of the body and together with external causes (microbial colonization of the dental plaque) leads to the development of gingivitis.