Steel-plant Refractory: A Review

In the steel industry, competitive pressures such as worldwide demand, high cost of energy, environmental and safety regulations, competing materials, customer demand for high quality, and the high cost of capital have led to a need for changes across the industry. Refractories for all unit processes are selected on the basis of their longevity and the cleanliness of the steel. The various types of refractories influence the safe operation, energy consumption and product quality; therefore, selecting refractories to each application is of great importance. This study discusses the types, characteristics and properties of various refractories suitable for steel plant ladle.