Energy and Demography at the Turn of the 21st Century: Quo vadis, Humanity?

The world population growth trends and the consequences of the demographic explosion of the second half of the twentieth century are considered, which led to an increase in the consumption of exhaustible reserves of non-renewable natural resources in the earth's interior, and also describes the sources and mechanism of the impact of hydrocarbon production, processing and combustion processes on the atmosphere in the context of the International Program for XXI century and the International Conventions arising from it. In the article in the form of tables and illustrations, the results of studies on the dynamics of fuel consumption are shown depending on the growth of the population of the Earth and the rate of its urbanization, the questions of Multhusianism are discussed, and the model of population growth of the Earth, proposed by SP Kapitsa, is interpreted. In conclusion, the possibility of reducing the growth rate of natural fuel consumption through the development of renewable energy sources and improving the structure of hydrocarbon energy based on innovations of world scientific and technological progress is concisely pointed out.