Abnormal uterine bleeding: role of sonography and histopathology in endometrial study with emphasis on the organic causes

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common complaint in women of all age groups. The causes for abnormal bleeding needs to be evaluated before subjecting the patient to complicated surgical procedures. Transvaginal sonography is a simpleoutpatient procedure to identify suitable candidates for endometrial biopsy which provides an accurate diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: 1. To emphasize on the correlation of sonology and histopathological findings and to provide the cause of pathology for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) in majority of cases. 2. To study the clinical data of the patients presenting with AUB and its histopathological spectrum. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology over a period of one year from January 2016 to December 2016. Endometrial biopsies of patients of all age groups presenting with a chief complaint of Abnormal uterine bleeding and abnormal USG findings were included in the study while inadequate biopsies and patients with genital infections, pregnanacy–complications were excluded. The biopsies were processed as per the standard protocol. Histopathological examination was done and the diagnosis was given. Results were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 87 cases were analyzed based on age, clinical presentation, parity, correlation of sonography- histopathological findings was done and the results were found to have statistically significant p values. Conclusion: A combination of sonography with histopathology provides an accurate diagnosis for AUB in most of the cases, specifically those with organic pathology.