Left total ureteral substitution using appendix after failed ureteral reimplantation, in infant affected by high vesico-ureteral reflux in a left functionally solitary kidney

A ureteric loss is a devastating event and can be corrected with intrinsic urinary tissue using different surgical techniques such as direct anastomosis, psoas hitch, Boari flap, transuretero-ureterostomy and renal autotransplantation. We report a case of successful left ureter total substitution with appendix after failed ureteral reimplantation and acute renal failure, in an infant affected by high grade vesicoureteral reflux in a left functionally solitary kidney