Stability of Dental Implants Prototype in Bone: Thread and Design

Dental implants success depends of biological and biomechanics factors which includes the micro and macro design features. In this work is proposed to examine the effect of different designs on the primary stability of commercial and prototypes dental implants. All implants were screwed into posterior regions of fresh pig mandibles and both torque insertion and extraction force were characterized. In addition to the biomechanical studies, cross-sections of mandibles at the implantation region were analyzed under microscope for bone characterization. The increase of either diameter or length of implants drives to an increase of extraction force and the primary stability decreases with thread pitch for “V” shape threads and double thread implants presented lower stability than triple thread implants at position P1 and P2 while at positions P3 and P4 no major differences were observed. A new design implant was created and it presented a good primary stability. Additionally, most of the results obtained shows that the macro design and bone density strongly affects the primary stability of implants corroborating the data found in literature. The new design presented in this work has a great potential to improve the insertion of the implants though it still need new tests to evaluate its performance in other bone structures.