POLITICAL DIMENSION OF E. HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY IN THE LIGHT OF F. FELLMANN’S, H. ARENDT’S AND J. HABERMAS’ CRITIQUE

The article analyzes the nature of the presence of the political aspect in Edmund Husserl's phenomenology. Reconsidering the critique, expressed in Friedrich Fellmann's, Hannah Arendt's and Jürgen Habermas' works, an author detects the strengths and weaknesses of such critique, as well as reveals the conceptual foundations and content of the political dimension in Husserl's phenomenology. Herewith, the focus is made on the theory of intersubjectivity and theory of lifeworld, which constitute the conceptual core of Husserl's phenomenological research on social, ethical and political issues. The reconsideration of Fellmann's critique is based on considering the nature of the presence of the political dimension in Husserl's intellectual and biographical legacy. Analyzing Arendt's critique, an author argues that there are two theories of intersubjectivity existing in Husserl's phenomenology: a theory of constitution of the alter ego in the “primordial world” through “analogizing transfer” and a theory based on the doctrine of “the primary Self”, mutual constitution and on the analyses of passive genesis. The problematization of Habermas' critique is based on rethinking given the place of practical philosophy in Husserl's phenomenology and its importance, as well as on defining the heuristic potential the concept of the lifeworld has for constructing the social and political theory. Relying on the philosophy of the state, reconstructed by Karl Schuhmann adapted from Husserl's legacy, an author explicates the key prerequisites, ideas and terms, constitutive for the political dimension of Husserl's phenomenology and essential for its understanding in historic-philosophical and modern contexts. The results of the analysis contribute to more adequate understanding of the nature of the political problematic in Huserl's phenomenology.