ENHANCED CLUSTER HEAD MANAGEMENT IN LARGE SCALE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION (PSO) ON THE BASIS OF DISTANCE, DENSITY & ENERGY

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are utilized for a plethora of applications such as weather forecasting, monitoring systems, surveillance, and so on. The critical issues of the WSN are energy constraints, limited memory, and computation time. This spectrum of criticality takes a deep dive with large-scale WSNs. In such scenario, the network lifetime has to be efficiently utilized with the available resources by organizing into clusters. Even though the technique of clustering has proven to be highly effective in minimizing the energy, the tradition cluster based WSNs, the protocol overhead is high for Cluster Heads (CHs) as it receives and aggregates the data from its cluster members. Therefore, efficient management of CH along with routing behavior is vital in prolonging the network lifetime. In this paper, an enhanced CH-Management technique is proposed which efficiently elects its CH using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), hereafter referred to as PSO_DDE. The PSO_DDE approach considers various parameters such as within-cluster distance between nodes (intra-cluster distance), neighbor density, and residual energy of nodes for the best candidate selection of CH. Also, the cluster formation is defined by the k-means based on the Euclidian distance. The PSO_DDE approach is integrated with the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) for efficiently traversing the data packet to the sink node. The performance metrics are compared with the existing approaches using NS-2 simulator, and the proposed approach shows superiority of results.