Faceted Apophysis on Coracoid Process of Scapula in the Indian Population: Prevalence and Clinical Significance

Coracoclavicular (CCJ) joint a diarthrodial synovial articulation sometimes exists between the conoid tubercle of clavicle & superior surface of coracoid process. It presents with a variable frequency ranging between 0.55% and 30%. This unique entity is usually asymptomatic but may sometimes present with pain or predispose to arthritic changes in neighbouring joints of shoulder region. The study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of this joint in Indian population from osteological samples and included 500 scapulae; 250 right and 250 of left side. Evidence of CCJ was obtained in the form of definitive facets on superior surface of coracoid process. Presence of facets for joint was observed in 21.8% with a higher proportion on left side (26%) as compared to right (17.6%). Facets presented with a spectra of shapes and surface features. CCJ is not rare and likely to have an acquired etiology favoured by genetic and environmental factors.