Studying the Effect of Mental Calculations Training with Abacus on the Learners' Cognitive and Psychological-Emotional Characteristics (Intelligent & Creative Children Institute)

The purpose of this study was to study the effect of mathematical mental calculations training on increasing the cognitive and emotional abilities of children and students. Two sample groups with 306 people (148 ones in the group of mathematical mental calculations training at the intelligent children's institution and 158 ones in the formal training group) were selected among male and female children and students in Tehran City who were selected by stratified sampling method. Based on three groups of age 6 old, 7 - 8 years old and 9-11 years old, mathematical ability tools, Toulouse concentration test, standard tests of mathematics, science and Persian literature, basic mathematical skills, contemporary self-control scale, Pope self-esteem and reading progress. Results based on factor analysis of variance, multivariate factor analysis of variance and t-student methods showed that there was a significant difference between the groups of mental calculations training and formal training in different age groups and these differences were related to gender in some groups.