Uretero-Arterial Fistula: A Modern Case of an Orphan Disease

Uretero-arterial fistula (UAF) is an uncommon source of hematuria, but as a harbinger of mortality, diagnosis can potentially be lifesaving. While rare, there is a general consensus that the incidence is rising. The condition develops when an aberrant connection is made between a ureter and artery, and the presentation varies from microscopic hematuria to frank hemorrhage. UAF is seldom expected, but having a clinical suspicion is paramount for guiding decision-making.