Correlation between spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings and fundus fluorescein angiographic patterns in diabetic macular edema

Aim - To correlate the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) findings and fundus fluorescein angiographic (FFA) patterns in patients with diabetic macular edema, Design - prospective, observational study, Materials and methods - A prospective review was performed of the data obtained from 50 eyes of 25 patients with diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema, who underwent SDOCT and FFA on the same day. Results - mean age of the patients was 56.4 years. 30 eyes had focal leaks on FFA , which showed spongy outer retinal edema on SDOCT, with a central foveal thickness of less than 300 microns . 20 eyes had diffuse leaks on FFA which showed cystoid macular edema of more than 300 microns in SDOCT. Out of these 20 eyes, 5 eyes showed petalloid hyperfluorescence on FFA, which demonstrated cystoid spaces only in outer plexiform layer on SDOCT, with a central foveal thickness of 301 to 500 microns. Honey comb fluorescence was seen in 10 eyes on FFA, which showed cystoid spaces in both outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer, with a central foveal thickness of 501 to 900 microns on SDOCT. Ischemic maculopathy was seen in one eye with enlargement of foveal avascular zone on FFA, with cystoid macular edema and loss of inner retinal layers on SDOCT, with a central foveal thickness of more than 500 microns. Perifoveal leaks was seen in 4 eyes on FFA, with small cystoid spaces perifoveally on SDOCT, with a central foveal thickness of 300 to 400 microns. Conclusion - The patterns of outer retinal edema on the SDOCT positively correlated with the severity of leakage on FFA