Role of HbA1c and microalbuminuria in diabetic-hypertensive individuals: An index for the diabetic nephropathy

Introduction: The present study was carried out to assess the influence of advanced glycosylation end products, microalbuminuria, and hypertension in development of nephropathy in diabetic-hypertensive individuals. Microalbuminuria has been shown to be a risk factor for nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes with uncontrolled glycemic index. In this study, we aimed to explore the association advanced glycosylated end products between microalbuminuria and other risk factors in the development of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic-hypertensive individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 individuals were randomly recruited in the study and were segregated into three groups. Group-1 is normal (n=50) and group-II contains control DM (n=22) and group-III contains uncontrolled DM (n=59). Medical records were used to collect data of age, SBP, DBP and history of diabetes, hypertension. Blood samples were collected to estimate FBS, PPBS, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and urine for estimation the urinary albumin. Result: The FBS, PPBS, SBP has shown a significant rise between the controls and uncontrolled diabetes, where as DBP has show significant rise in the controlled diabetes in caparison to control group. Microalbuminuria and HbA1c has shown a significant rise in control diabetes and uncontrolled diabetes group when compared with control group. Microalbuminuria has shown a significant correlation with SBP, FBS, PPBS and HbA1c. ROC analysis indicates HbA1c and microalbuminuria are good markers for diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion: Increased levels of microalbuminuria and advanced glycosylated end products will increase the compliance of diabetic-hypertensive individuals for developing the nephropathy.