A Baseline Review on Effect of n-Butanol on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI and SI engines

Internal combustion engines are the main members of the fast-growing in energy consumption. Fossil fuel consumption is the greater reason for maximizing in air pollution, which represented by the emission constituents such as oxides of nitrogen, unburnt hydrocarbon, oxides of carbon, emissions and some solid particulate matter delivered by the internal combustion engine. In few recent decades, biofuels, such as alcohol from the verity of feedstocks, biodiesel derived from various sources, natural gas, dimethyl ether, n-butanol, have been used in engines to achieve a reduction in total costs of energy utilization and environmental pollution. Non-conventional fuels have tempted the research scholars as alternative energy sources for internal combustion engines due to its greater reliability, possible physical properties, exhaustive combustion characteristics, and complete burning possibilities. Utilization of n-butanol as recommended biofuel for internal combustion engines from several years. Rich numbers of research scholars have investigated the effect of n-butanol presence in blends of nbutanol–gasoline as well as clear n-butanol fuel for gasoline engine and diesel engines in their research work. The mixtures of n-butanolgasoline have a maximum potential to be used as supportive fuel can be easily obtained from various sources and can maximize the performance of the engine with the reduction of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, and other pollutants. This review paper illustrates various effective methods to produce n-butanol, the effects of n-butanol and its blends with gasoline as well as diesel fuel on combustion characteristics and emission constituents from internal combustion engines to meet future demand in emission regulations using nbutanol as a suitable biofuel.