A study of the process of malodor formation in sewer networks and analysis of methods for its elimination

Introduction. The co-authors analyze the process of malodor formation inside pipelines of non-pressure sewer networks (channels) and their efficient elimination using physicochemical, biological, catalytic, thermal, electric discharge, civil engineering and other methods. Materials and methods. The co-authors have analyzed literary sources, studied the most advanced malodor registration methods (broken down into malodor identification and intensity control) using specialized malodor detectors; they have also considered potential methods for malodor elimination or intensity reduction, as well as prevention of malodor formation and micro-climate preservation in sewer networks. Results. The co-authors have identified the reasons for the formation of malodors inside non-pressure pipelines of sewer networks and a number of negative factors that contribute to the formation of gases. The co-authors offer an overview of methods and technologies preventing the formation of anaerobic conditions inside sewer networks. They describe the cases of several cities where malodors were emitted inside sewer networks, as well as the actions aimed at their suppression in particular environments. The co-authors present specific malodor prevention actions using various methods applied in some countries of the world. Conclusions. The practical implementation of a number of actions aimed at the elimination of malodors in sewer networks is a costly project in terms of capex and operating expenses. Mobile, efficient and economically expedient methods of eliminating specific sources of malodors have been identified. The right choice of actions, technologies, design and device-focused solutions (equipment choice) need a detailed examination in terms of malodor emissions and pipeline systems as a whole, as well as consistent exploratory, research and development efforts.