Types and causes of postural disorder in the frontal plane in children with psychomotor retardation

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system, where posture defects contribute to the appearance of multiple organ dysfunctions, are the leading symptom demonstrated by the children with psychomotor retardation. Scientific studies state different data regarding postural disorders in children of early and preschool age, which is caused by lack of a unified classification of postural disorders in the frontal plane. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop a new comprehensive classification of postural disorders in the frontal plane in infants and preschool children with psychomotor retardation depending on their causes, the classification being adapted to the possibilities of the correction-oriented physical training, by means of the analysis and classification methods. During our research, we have revealed the following: 1. The problem of postural disorders demonstrated by the children of early and preschool age occupies a leading position, but at the same time, the issues related to the diagnosing of the children suffering from psychomotor retardation alongside the determination of the etiology of disorders have not been sufficiently developed. 2. The main types of postural disorders in the children's frontal plane are presented in the form of scoliosis, asymmetric posture being its precursor. 3. The reasons for postural disorders in children are of a diverse nature and depend on many factors; we have not revealed a unified approach to the identification of the etiology of postural disorders in the frontal plane in scholars' studies. 4. A new complex classification is presented; it which includes five main etiological blocks of postural disorders in the frontal plane of children of early and preschool age who suffer from psychomotor retardation: biomechanical (anatomical), neurogenic-muscular, myofascial, psychosomatic and compensatory. The prospects for further research may lie in the mainstream of the search for a correlation between the cause-effect relationships of the etiology and pathogenesis of postural disorders in the frontal plane demonstrated by the children under focus according to the five above-mentioned blocks.