Diagnostic analysis for TB: A comparative study between Bacilloscopy, Culture and PCR (Gene-Xpert) techniques

The presented study aims to make a comparative analysis regarding the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis performed through Bacilloscopy, Culture and PCR exams held at the Clinical Pathology laboratory at HUGG - Rio de Janeiro/ Brazil from May to December 2015. Analyzing the effectiveness and efficiency of PCR, compared to Bacilloscopy and Culture exams. The results reveal a higher occurrence in males between 19 and 59 years of age. The results also show a sensitivity and specificity of the PCR, compared to bacilloscopy, 100% and 90% respectively and kappa index of 0.76. Regarding culture, Gold Standard, the PCR obtained a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 93% and a kappa of 0.78, which shows a very good agreement between the exams and proves that the PCR technique is effective for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The results of this study corroborate previous studies and provide important information for health managers, emphasizing the importance of agility in the diagnosis of tuberculosis for the treatment of patients with tuberculosis. It is recommended that more health units use this diagnostic method for the benefit of the patient who may already leave the health unit diagnosed and with treatment started.