Leadership and Effective Decision Making in Management

The first quarter of the 21st century has been characterized by enormous and perilous problems and challenges the world over. Ranging from the unparalleled threats from global terrorism, global warming and devastating climatic change, accumulation of venomous warheads by antagonistic nations, competition for global hegemony, threats posed by the everincreasing violent non-state actors, retrogressive effects of globalization, to the intricate and life-threatening pandemics such as COVID-19 and the ever unending HIV and AIDS are just some of the real-time challenges the century and its leadership is grappling with. In order to effectively address these challenges that threaten the very existence of humanity, the leadership needs to be astute, proactive, salient, and sensible and above board in their foresight in identifying, addressing, and dealing with problems inflicting world nations. Laxity among world leadership in clamping COVID-19 and their unending political blame-game has led to the suffering and deaths of a multitude of innocent people, least to mention the historic shrinking of world nations' economies. Effective leadership ought